220V AC to 12V DC Converter
Type 1: Using a Step-Down Transformer
Overview: This method involves using a step-down transformer to reduce the high 220V AC voltage to a lower AC voltage, which is then rectified and filtered to produce a DC voltage.
Components:
Step-down transformer
Bridge rectifier (4 diodes)
Capacitor
Circuit Description:
Step-Down Transformer: The transformer converts the 220V AC to a lower AC voltage. The output voltage levels can vary, commonly including 3V, 6V, 12V, 24V, etc.
Bridge Rectifier: The AC output from the transformer is fed into a bridge rectifier consisting of four diodes. This rectifier converts the AC voltage to pulsating DC by allowing only positive halves of the AC cycle to pass through.
Capacitor: The pulsating DC is then smoothed out by a capacitor, which charges during the peaks and discharges during the troughs, producing a relatively stable DC output. Although not as flat as battery DC, the effective value is sufficient for many applications.
Circuit Diagram:
Note:
LM7812 is a voltage regulator
The LED is needed to act as both a resistor and a signal that the output has been switched
Type 2: Using a Resistor as a Potentiometer
Overview: This circuit uses a resistor to divide the voltage, converting 220V AC to a lower voltage, which is then rectified and smoothed to provide a DC output.
Components:
Resistor (potentiometer)
Capacitor
Bridge rectifier (4 diodes)
Circuit Description:
Resistor Divider: A resistor is used to divide the voltage. The high voltage AC is split into two branches: one going through the resistor and the other through the capacitor.
Bridge Rectifier: The voltage across the resistor is rectified using a bridge rectifier.
Capacitor: The rectified output is then smoothed by a capacitor to produce a DC output.
Circuit Diagram:
Note:
The output voltage depends on the resistance value. The resistor value is calculated by reading its color. You can calculate the output voltage, or use test resistors to find the appropriate lowered output voltage.
Remember, the types of capacitors must be correct. The capacitor at the output used for the potentiometer is a capacitor. The capacitor at the input is a rotating capacitor, used to "receive" voltage with Ac 220V, while the capacitor at the output is a electrolytic capacitor: Cylindrical in shape and has negative (-) and positive (+) polarity. The capacitance symbol on the body helps us easily choose the correct type of capacitance to use.
Type 3: Using a Resistor as a Potentiometer with a Zener Diode
Overview: This method is similar to the previous one but includes a Zener diode to provide a stable DC output.
Components:
Resistor (potentiometer)
Capacitor
Bridge rectifier (4 diodes)
Zener diode
Circuit Description:
Resistor Divider: The voltage is divided using a resistor, similar to the previous circuit.
Bridge Rectifier: The voltage is rectified using a bridge rectifier.
Zener Diode: A Zener diode is added to stabilize the output voltage. It ensures that the output voltage remains constant even with fluctuations in the input voltage.
Capacitor: The capacitor smoothes the rectified output.
Circuit Diagram:
Note:
GBU606 components replace bridge rectifiers (equivalent replacement bridge rectifiers can be used)
2 Zener diodes are installed in the same direction (as shown)
The resistivity is connected in series, last, before returning to the neutral wire of the 220V AC grid.
Cement Resistor features good heat resistant, low temperature coefficient, high load power, high insulating capacity. Widely used in computer, TV set, apparatus, meter, sound and other equipment. This component can be omitted if the circuit is run on some scientific testing aspect. In the actual circuit, you should install it.
The output capacitor is 400V, 4.7 mF; The input capacitor is CBB22 145J400V
Conclusion, comments and applications:
Each type of 220V AC to 12V DC converter circuit has its advantages and applications. The step-down transformer circuit is reliable for producing various voltage levels but requires a bulky transformer. The resistor-based potentiometer circuits are simpler but may not be as efficient or stable without additional components like the Zener diode, which provides enhanced stability. Understanding these different methods allows for the selection of the most appropriate circuit based on specific needs and constraints.
Comment: In fact, there are many other electronic circuits to create voltage such as a battery source 3v, 6v, 12v, 24v, 36v, 48v, 68v, 98v, 110v, 120v, etc. However, the above 3 types of conversion circuits almost cover all advanced conversion circuits.
Application:
Use the output as a replacement for mobile phone charging
Think of it as a battery source to run electrical devices that require low voltage DC input
Special: Use the output oil to continue converting, creating a power source with greater capacity. This means that the output power of that circuit is greater than the input power. This has been verified by experts through experiments and measurements. However, this is a secret that electricity supply companies have hidden for many years. It is free energy generated by an electronic circuit, with a low voltage value DC input. Here is basic information about the plan to generate electricity from the grid, batteries, and even independently of any source, to generate free electricity:
🔹 Version from Nikola Tesla's Magnifying Transmitter
🔹 The "tension" for "electricity fractionation" to occur is the Earth's Potential Potential. To be precise, it is the tension of the Ether, and the electricity is the dynamic polarization of the Ether.
🔹 During "Electricity segment", the magnetic field collapses several times in short periods of time. That leads the voltage V = Φ/t to reach infinity (V → ∞) when t → 0
- V - The electromotive force which results from the production or consumption of the total magnetic induction Φ (Phi). The unit is the “Volt”. Where t is the time of magnetic field collapse from maximum to complete collapse.
- Research scholars also call it Tesla's technology called Radiant Energy from Electronic Circuits, Impulse Technology.
